Indawo ye-China-Asean Free Trade Area: nzulu intsebenziswano kunye nokudala impumelelo kunye

Ngophuhliso olunzulu loMmandla woRhwebo oluKhululwa yi-China-Asean (i-CAFTA), imimandla yentsebenziswano yamazwe amabini iye yanda ngokwandayo yaza yavelisa iziphumo ezichulumancisayo, nto leyo eye yafaka amandla anamandla kwimpumelelo nozinzo loqoqosho lommandla. Eli phepha liza kuhlalutya nzulu iingenelo kunye neenzuzo zeCAFTA, kwaye libonise umtsalane walo okhethekileyo njengowona mmandla mkhulu worhwebo wasimahla phakathi kwamazwe asakhulayo.

1. Isishwankathelo sezowuni yorhwebo olukhululekileyo

I-China-Asean Free Trade Area yaphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni ngoJanuwari 1,2010, ibandakanya abantu abayi-1.9 yebhiliyoni kumazwe ali-11, kunye ne-GDP yethu ye-6 yeetriliyoni zeedola kunye norhwebo lwe-US $ 4.5 yetriliyoni, ibalwa kwi-13% yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Njengabona bantu baninzi behlabathi kunye nowona mmandla mkhulu worhwebo wasimahla phakathi kwamazwe asakhasayo, ukusekwa kweCAFTA kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchumeni koqoqosho nasekuzinzeni kweMpuma yeAsia, eAsia nakwihlabathi liphela.

Ukusukela oko i-China yaphakamisa inyathelo lokuseka i-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area ngo-2001, la macala mabini athe ngokuthe ngcembe aqonda urhwebo notyalo-mali ngokukhululeka ngemijikelo emininzi yothethwano kunye neenzame. Ukuphehlelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-FTA ngo-2010 kuphawula inqanaba elitsha lentsebenziswano yamazwe amabini. Ukusukela ngoko, indawo yorhwebo yasimahla iye yaphuculwa ukusuka kwinguqulo 1.0 ukuya kwinguqulo 3.0. Iinkalo zentsebenziswano ziye zandiswa kwaye inqanaba lentsebenziswano liye laphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo.

2. Izinto eziluncedo zezowuni yorhwebo lwasimahla

Emva kokugqitywa kwendawo yokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo, izithintelo zorhwebo phakathi kweChina kunye ne-ASEAN ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye amanqanaba entlawulo ancitshiswe kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, iintlawulo kwiimveliso ezingaphezulu kwe-7,000 ziye zacinywa kwi-FTZ, kwaye ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-90 zeempahla ziye zafumana iintlawulo zero. Oku akunciphisi kuphela iindleko zorhwebo zamashishini, kodwa kukwaphucula impumelelo yokufikelela kwiimarike, kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula okukhawulezayo korhwebo lwamazwe amabini.

I-China kunye ne-ASEAN ziyancedisana kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kwizibonelelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwamashishini. I-China ineenzuzo kwimveliso, ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nezinye iindawo, ngelixa i-ASEAN ineenzuzo kwiimveliso zezolimo kunye nemithombo yezimbiwa. Ukusekwa kwendawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo kwenze ukuba la macala mabini akwazi ukwaba izibonelelo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu nakwizinga eliphezulu, efumana inzuzo ehambelanayo nenzuzo efanayo.

Imarike ye-CAFTA, enabantu abayi-1.9 yebhiliyoni inamandla amakhulu. Ngokunzulu kwentsebenziswano yamazwe amabini, imarike yabathengi kunye nemarike yotyalo-mali kwindawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo iza kwandiswa ngakumbi. Oku akuboneleli nje ngesithuba semarike esibanzi kumashishini aseTshayina, kodwa kuzisa namathuba amaninzi ophuhliso kumazwe ase-ASEAN.

3. Iinzuzo zommandla worhwebo olukhululekileyo

Ukusekwa kwe-FTA kukhuthaze urhwebo notyalo-mali inkululeko kunye nokuququzelela phakathi kwe-China ne-ASEAN, kwaye kwafaka amandla amatsha kuhlumo loqoqosho lwamacala omabini. Ngokwezibalo, kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, umthamo wezorhwebo phakathi kweChina kunye ne-ASEAN uzuze ukukhula okukhawulezayo, kwaye la macala mabini abe ngamaqabane abalulekileyo orhwebo kunye neendawo zokutshala imali komnye nomnye.

Ukusekwa kwendawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo kukhuthaze ukulungelelaniswa nokuphuculwa kobume boshishino lwamacala omabini. Ngokomeleza intsebenziswano kwimimandla esakhulayo efana noqoqosho oluphezulu kunye noqoqosho oluluhlaza, la macala mabini akhuthaze ngokudibeneyo uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela ukukhuphisana ngokubanzi kwawo omabini la mazwe ezoqoqosho, kodwa kukwabeka isiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwengingqi.

Ukusekwa kwe-FTA akukhange kukhuthaze intsebenziswano nophuhliso lwala macala mabini kuphela kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kukwandise ukuthembana nokuqondana phakathi kwala macala mabini ngokwezopolitiko. Ngokuqinisa intsebenziswano kunxibelelwano lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukutshintshiselana kwabasebenzi kunye nokutshintshiselana kwenkcubeko, la macala mabini akhe ubudlelwane obusondeleyo boluntu kunye nekamva ekwabelwana ngalo kwaye benza igalelo elihle kuxolo lwengingqi, uzinzo, uphuhliso kunye nokuchuma.

Ukukhangela phambili, i-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area iya kuqhubeka iqinisa intsebenziswano, ukwandisa iindawo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wayo. La macala mabini aza kusebenzisana ukudala impumelelo eqaqambileyo kwaye enze igalelo elitsha nelingaphezulu kwimpumelelo nozinzo kuqoqosho lwengingqi nolwehlabathi. Masijonge phambili kwingomso elingcono le-China-ASEAN ye-ASEAN Free Trade Area!